What is Measles?

Measles is caused by the measles virus and is characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a distinctive rash. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it can also be transmitted by touching contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms of Measles

Symptoms of measles typically appear about 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. In addition to fever, cough, and rash, individuals with measles may experience sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Complications of measles can include pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), and death.

Treatment for Measles

Supportive Care

There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles, so medical care focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include rest, hydration, fever-reducing medications, and treatment of secondary infections such as pneumonia.

Vitamin A Supplementation

Vitamin A supplementation is recommended for individuals with measles, especially in areas where vitamin A deficiency is common. Vitamin A helps reduce the severity of symptoms and lowers the risk of complications, particularly in young children.

Precautions in Daily Life

Vaccination

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is safe and highly effective, providing long-lasting immunity against measles. It is recommended for all children and adults who have not been previously vaccinated.

Quarantine and Isolation

Individuals diagnosed with measles should be isolated from others to prevent the spread of the virus. Close contacts, including household members and healthcare workers, may need to be quarantined and monitored for symptoms to prevent further transmission.

Hand Hygiene and Respiratory Etiquette

Practicing good hand hygiene, such as washing hands frequently with soap and water, and covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing, can help prevent the spread of measles and other respiratory infections.

Measles remains a significant public health concern despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. By understanding the symptoms of measles, seeking medical care when necessary, and adhering to preventive measures such as vaccination and good hygiene practices, we can work together to control the spread of this highly contagious virus.